BIREA · Biocontrol Information Resource for EPA NZ Applicants · www.b3nz.org/birea
© 2007 B3 · Better Border Biosecurity · www.b3nz.org

• BIREA contents
  • Introduction
  • Background information
    • Biological control
    • Natural enemies
    • Environmental risks of biological control
      • Direct effects
      • Indirect effects
      • Reducing the risk
    • Biological control best practice
      • Selecting suitable targets for biological control
      • Biological control agent selection
      • Host life stage attacked
      • Interactions with existing biocontrol agents
    • Guide to key elements of the HSNO Act
      • The methodology
      • Section 36: Minimum standards
      • Costs of application preparation
      • Regulatory costs
    • Consultation with Māori
      • The nature of consultation
      • How to go about engagement and consultation
  • Selecting biological control agents
    • Introduction
    • Selecting effective agents
      • What is success in biocontrol?
      • Selecting more effective agents
        • For weed biocontrol
        • For insect biocontrol
        • Characteristics of successful agents
      • Population matching
      • Conflicts of interest
    • Predicting direct non-target impacts
      • Selecting agents for safety
        • Taxonomy
        • Literature
        • Associations
        • Databases
      • Exploration in the target home range
        • Natural host range
        • Some case studies
      • Modelling non-target impacts
        • Attack rate and population impact
        • Interactive model for predicting impact
        • Primary versus secondary attack
        • Climate matching
        • Phenology models
        • Detailed population models
        • What can be predicted?
        • How can models improve biosafety?
    • Factors influencing host selection in the target range
      • Geographic range and biotypes
      • Fundamental vs ecological host range
      • Host suitability and physiology
      • Host finding cues and behaviour
      • Habitats and agent mobility
    • Experimental confirmation of host range
      • Selecting test species
      • Testing methods
      • Predicting indirect non-target effects of agents
        • What we do know
        • What we don't know
      • Indicators of effects
        • Food webs
        • Manipulation and surrogate systems
        • Retrospective studies
  • Applying to import into containment
    • Preparing to make an application
      • Approved containment facilities
      • Considerations specific to a containment application
    • Pre-application consultation
      • Consultation with EPA NZ
      • Consultation with Department of Conservation
      • Consultation with Iwi and Maori organisations
      • Consultation with other organisations
    • Identification and assessment of risks, costs and benefits
    • Completing the application form
      • Contact with EPA New Zealand
      • Application form
  • Containment testing
    • Introduction
    • Test species selection
      • Weed biological control agents
      • Arthropod biological control agents
    • Host range testing methods
      • Test designs for weed biological control
      • Test designs for arthropod biological control
      • Replication
      • Controls
      • No-choice tests
      • Choice tests
      • Sequential testing
      • Parameters that can be measured in host range tests
      • Statistical analysis
    • Overseas field surveys or field tests
  • Applying for general release or release with controls
    • Preparing to make an application
    • Selection of a biological control agent
    • Pre-application consultation
      • Consultation with EPA NZ
      • Consultation with Department of Conservation
      • Consultation with Iwi and Maori organisations
      • Consultation with other organisations
    • Information required
      • Taxonomy and biology
      • Natural host range
      • Biotypes
      • Climatic/environmental suitability
      • Previous use as a biological control agent, and efficacy in that use
      • Performance of related agents
    • Identification and assessment of risks, costs and benefits
      • Risks and costs
      • Benefits and cost-benefit analysis
    • Release with Controls
    • Completing the application forms [new]
      • Sections 1 to 4 [new]
      • Section 5 [new]
      • Sections 6 and 7 [new]
    • Post-application processes
  • Preparing for a public hearing
    • Hearing process
    • Dos and don'ts
  • Releasing biological control agents
    • Selecting release sites
    • Timing of releases
    • Release strategies
    • Collection and redistribution
    • Other issues to consider
  • Post-release monitoring
    • Introduction
    • Monitoring methods
      • Direct effects on non-target, beneficial or valued species
      • Indirect effects on other trophic levels and food webs
  • Annotated bibliography
    • Biological control safety
    • Laboratory host range testing
      • Entomophagous biological control agents
      • Weed biological control agents
      • Pathogen biological control agents
      • Predatory biological control agents
    • Biological control agent biotypes
    • Pre-release prediction of host range and non-target impacts
    • Post-release studies
      • Entomophagous biological control agents
      • Weed biological control agents
      • Predators
      • Pathogens
    • Host range expansion/evolution
    • Environmental impact modelling
    • Risk assessment
    • Biological control regulation
    • Estimating benefits
    • Biological control agent release
    • All references
  • Glossary

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Containment testing

Host range testing methods

There are several important factors to consider when designing experiments to assess the host range of a prospective biological agent. These are discussed below.

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